Tag: zero brokerage

  • Best Zero Brokerage Trading Platform in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Best Zero Brokerage Trading Platform in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Looking for the best zero brokerage trading platform in India? Compare top brokers offering zero commission trading on equity, F&O, and more. Start saving on br

    Looking for the best zero brokerage trading platform in India? Compare top brokers offering zero commission trading on equity, F&O, and more. Start saving on brokerage fees today and maximize your investment returns. Find the ideal platform for your trading needs now.

    Best Zero Brokerage Trading Platform in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Introduction: The Rise of Zero Brokerage

    The Indian stock market has witnessed a dramatic shift in recent years, largely driven by the advent of zero brokerage trading platforms. Traditionally, investors had to pay a percentage of their transaction value or a fixed fee as brokerage charges. These costs could significantly eat into potential profits, especially for frequent traders. The introduction of zero brokerage models has democratized investing, allowing more individuals to participate in the equity markets and other asset classes without the burden of hefty brokerage fees.

    This change has been fueled by increasing competition among brokers and the growing demand from tech-savvy investors who are comfortable managing their investments online. These platforms are particularly appealing to young investors who are just starting their investment journey and are looking for cost-effective ways to build their portfolios. With the ease of access and lower costs, investing in the Indian stock market via platforms like the NSE and BSE has become significantly more accessible.

    What Does Zero Brokerage Really Mean?

    While the term “zero brokerage” is widely used, it’s crucial to understand exactly what it entails. It typically means that the broker doesn’t charge any commission on equity delivery trades. However, it’s essential to remember that other charges still apply. These can include:

    • Statutory Charges: These are levies imposed by the government and regulatory bodies like SEBI and include Securities Transaction Tax (STT), Goods and Services Tax (GST), stamp duty, and SEBI turnover fees. These charges are applicable regardless of the brokerage plan you choose.
    • Exchange Transaction Charges: NSE and BSE levy transaction charges for facilitating trades on their platforms. These charges are passed on to the investor.
    • DP Charges (Depository Participant Charges): These are charged by the depository (CDSL or NSDL) for debiting shares from your Demat account when you sell them.
    • Call & Trade Charges: Some brokers may charge extra for placing trades over the phone.
    • Platform Fees: While many brokers offer zero brokerage, some may charge a monthly or annual fee for using their trading platform, often offering premium features or advanced tools in return.

    Therefore, it’s essential to look beyond the headline “zero brokerage” and carefully examine the complete fee structure of each platform before making a decision. Understanding these charges is crucial for accurately calculating your trading costs and maximizing your investment returns.

    Key Features to Consider in a Zero Brokerage Platform

    Beyond the brokerage charges, several other factors should influence your choice of a zero brokerage trading platform. These include:

    Platform Usability and User Interface (UI)

    A user-friendly interface is crucial, especially for beginners. The platform should be easy to navigate, with intuitive menus, clear displays of market data, and seamless order placement. A cluttered or confusing interface can lead to errors and frustration. Look for platforms with well-designed mobile apps as well, allowing you to trade on the go.

    Trading Tools and Analytics

    Access to reliable trading tools and analytics can significantly enhance your investment decisions. These tools can include:

    • Real-time Market Data: Up-to-the-minute information on stock prices, indices, and market movements.
    • Charting Tools: Technical analysis tools to identify trends and patterns in stock prices.
    • Fundamental Analysis Data: Information on company financials, earnings reports, and other key metrics.
    • Option Chain Analysis: For F&O traders, access to option chain data is crucial for understanding market sentiment and identifying potential trading opportunities.
    • Screeners: Tools to filter stocks based on specific criteria, such as market capitalization, price-to-earnings ratio, or dividend yield.

    Account Opening and Management

    The account opening process should be smooth and hassle-free, ideally fully online using Aadhaar-based e-KYC. The platform should also provide convenient options for managing your account, such as adding funds, withdrawing funds, and updating your KYC details.

    Customer Support

    Reliable customer support is essential, especially when you encounter technical issues or have questions about your account. Look for platforms that offer multiple channels of support, such as phone, email, and live chat. The support team should be responsive and knowledgeable.

    Investment Options

    Consider the range of investment options offered by the platform. While most zero brokerage platforms cover equities, some may also offer access to other asset classes, such as:

    • Mutual Funds: Invest in a wide range of mutual funds, including equity funds, debt funds, and hybrid funds. Many platforms even offer direct mutual fund investments, eliminating distributor commissions and increasing your returns.
    • Initial Public Offerings (IPOs): Apply for IPOs directly through the platform.
    • Bonds and Debentures: Invest in corporate bonds and government securities.
    • Commodities: Trade in commodities such as gold, silver, and crude oil.
    • Currency Derivatives: Trade in currency futures and options.

    Security

    Security is paramount. Ensure the platform employs robust security measures to protect your account and personal information. Look for features such as two-factor authentication (2FA) and data encryption. Check if the broker is a member of a recognized stock exchange (NSE, BSE) and is regulated by SEBI.

    Popular Zero Brokerage Trading Platforms in India

    Several zero brokerage platforms have gained popularity in India. Here’s a brief overview of some of the leading players:

    • Zerodha: One of the pioneers of the zero brokerage model in India, Zerodha offers commission-free equity delivery trades and charges a flat fee for intraday and F&O trades.
    • Upstox: Another popular platform offering zero brokerage on equity delivery and a flat fee for intraday and F&O trades. Upstox is known for its user-friendly interface and comprehensive trading tools.
    • Groww: Primarily known for its mutual fund offerings, Groww also offers zero brokerage on equity delivery and charges a flat fee for intraday and F&O trades.
    • Angel One: While not entirely zero brokerage, Angel One offers a range of brokerage plans, including a zero brokerage plan for specific trading segments.

    It is essential to conduct thorough research and compare the features and fee structures of different platforms before choosing the one that best suits your needs and investment style. Read reviews, compare brokerage plans, and consider opening a demo account to test the platform before committing to a full-fledged trading account.

    Tax Implications of Trading

    It’s also essential to be aware of the tax implications of trading in the stock market. Profits from equity trading are subject to capital gains tax, which can be either short-term or long-term, depending on the holding period of the asset. Dividends received from stocks are also taxable. Understanding these tax rules is crucial for effective financial planning and tax compliance.

    Consider consulting a financial advisor or tax professional to understand the tax implications of your trading activities and to optimize your tax planning strategies. Investments in instruments like ELSS (Equity Linked Savings Scheme) qualify for tax deductions under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act, making them an attractive option for tax-saving investors. Similarly, contributions to retirement savings schemes like PPF (Public Provident Fund) and NPS (National Pension System) also offer tax benefits.

    The Future of Zero Brokerage Trading

    The trend towards zero brokerage trading is likely to continue, driven by increasing competition and the growing demand for cost-effective investment options. As technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see further innovations in trading platforms, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning to provide personalized investment recommendations and automated trading strategies.

    The Indian stock market is becoming increasingly accessible to a wider range of investors, thanks to the availability of user-friendly and cost-effective trading platforms. This trend is likely to contribute to the growth and development of the Indian economy, as more individuals participate in the financial markets and contribute to capital formation.

    Conclusion: Choosing the Right Platform for You

    Selecting the right zero brokerage trading platform is a crucial decision that can significantly impact your investment outcomes. While zero brokerage can save you money on commissions, it’s essential to consider other factors such as platform usability, trading tools, customer support, security, and investment options. There is no single “best” platform for everyone; the ideal choice depends on your individual needs, investment goals, and risk tolerance. Do your research, compare your options, and choose a platform that empowers you to trade and invest confidently. The availability of the best zero brokerage trading platform that suits an individual’s needs can be the key to a fruitful investment journey. Remember to stay informed about market trends, manage your risk effectively, and invest wisely.

  • Best Low Brokerage Trading Apps in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Best Low Brokerage Trading Apps in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Looking for the best low brokerage trading apps in India? Compare brokerage charges, features & account opening fees of top platforms. Start trading smarter tod

    Looking for the best low brokerage trading apps in India? Compare brokerage charges, features & account opening fees of top platforms. Start trading smarter today! Find the perfect app for your investment needs, whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned trader.

    Best Low Brokerage Trading Apps in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Introduction: Navigating the Indian Stock Market

    The Indian stock market is booming, with a growing number of individuals participating in equity investments. The rise of online trading platforms has democratized access to the market, making it easier and more affordable than ever before. However, with so many options available, choosing the right trading app can be overwhelming. One of the most critical factors to consider is brokerage charges. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of low brokerage trading apps in India, helping you make informed decisions and optimize your investment strategy.

    Understanding Brokerage Charges: A Key to Maximizing Returns

    Brokerage is the fee charged by a stockbroker for executing trades on your behalf. These fees can significantly impact your overall returns, especially for frequent traders. Traditional full-service brokers often charge a percentage-based brokerage, which can be quite high. Discount brokers, on the other hand, offer much lower, often flat-fee brokerage charges, making them a more attractive option for cost-conscious investors. This is particularly relevant for day traders or those who execute a large number of trades.

    Types of Brokerage Models:

    • Percentage-Based Brokerage: A percentage of the transaction value is charged as brokerage. This model is typically offered by full-service brokers who provide research and advisory services.
    • Flat-Fee Brokerage: A fixed fee is charged per trade, regardless of the transaction value. This model is common among discount brokers and is ideal for high-volume traders.
    • Zero Brokerage: Some brokers offer zero brokerage on equity delivery trades but may charge a nominal fee on intraday and F&O trades.

    Top Low Brokerage Trading Apps in India: A Detailed Comparison

    Several trading apps in India offer competitive brokerage rates and user-friendly platforms. Here’s a detailed comparison of some of the leading contenders:

    1. Zerodha: The Pioneer of Discount Broking

    Zerodha revolutionized the Indian broking industry with its disruptive pricing model. It offers zero brokerage on equity delivery trades and a flat ₹20 per order for intraday and F&O trades. Zerodha’s Kite platform is known for its clean interface, advanced charting tools, and seamless trading experience. They are regulated by SEBI and are members of NSE and BSE.

    • Brokerage: ₹0 for equity delivery, ₹20 per order for intraday and F&O.
    • Account Opening Fee: ₹200 for Demat and Trading account.
    • Platform: Kite (Web, Mobile).
    • Features: Advanced charting, order types, direct mutual fund investments, IPO application.
    • Pros: Low brokerage, user-friendly platform, robust technology.
    • Cons: Limited research and advisory services compared to full-service brokers.

    2. Upstox: Powering Your Investments

    Upstox is another popular discount broker that offers low brokerage charges and a feature-rich platform. They also provide zero brokerage on equity delivery trades and ₹20 per order for intraday and F&O trades. Upstox Pro is the trading platform, offering a range of tools for technical analysis and fundamental research.

    • Brokerage: ₹0 for equity delivery, ₹20 per order for intraday and F&O.
    • Account Opening Fee: Varies, often promotional offers available.
    • Platform: Upstox Pro (Web, Mobile).
    • Features: Charting tools, options chain analysis, smallcase investments, digital gold.
    • Pros: Competitive brokerage, user-friendly interface, advanced features.
    • Cons: Occasional platform glitches reported.

    3. Groww: Simplifying Investments for Everyone

    Groww is designed with simplicity in mind, making it an excellent choice for beginners. It offers zero brokerage on equity delivery trades and direct mutual fund investments. For intraday and F&O, the brokerage is ₹20 per order. Groww’s interface is clean and intuitive, focusing on ease of use.

    • Brokerage: ₹0 for equity delivery and mutual funds, ₹20 per order for intraday and F&O.
    • Account Opening Fee: Free.
    • Platform: Groww (Mobile).
    • Features: Direct mutual fund investments, US stock investments, IPO application, easy-to-understand interface.
    • Pros: Simple and intuitive design, zero brokerage on equity delivery and mutual funds.
    • Cons: Limited advanced charting tools.

    4. Angel One: Blending Technology and Tradition

    Angel One, formerly Angel Broking, is a full-service broker that has embraced technology to offer a hybrid approach. While it offers brokerage plans including fixed price plans, it also offers competitive rates similar to discount brokers, especially for those who choose their online trading platform. They provide research reports, advisory services, and a comprehensive trading platform.

    • Brokerage: Varies depending on the plan chosen. Option of fixed brokerage plans available.
    • Account Opening Fee: Varies, often promotional offers available.
    • Platform: Angel One App, Web.
    • Features: Personalized advisory, research reports, ARQ Prime (AI-powered investment advice), margin trading facility.
    • Pros: Research and advisory services, margin trading, wide range of investment options.
    • Cons: Brokerage can be higher than pure discount brokers if opting for traditional brokerage plans.

    5. 5paisa: Affordable Investing Solutions

    5paisa offers a flat ₹20 per order brokerage across all segments, making it a straightforward and affordable option. They offer a range of subscription plans that provide access to advanced features and research reports.

    • Brokerage: ₹20 per order across all segments.
    • Account Opening Fee: Varies, often promotional offers available.
    • Platform: 5paisa (Web, Mobile).
    • Features: Research reports, robo-advisory, insurance, loans, mutual funds.
    • Pros: Flat brokerage across all segments, wide range of services.
    • Cons: Platform interface can be improved.

    Factors to Consider When Choosing a Trading App

    Choosing the right trading app involves more than just comparing brokerage charges. Here are some other crucial factors to consider:

    1. Platform Usability:

    The trading platform should be user-friendly and easy to navigate. A clean interface, intuitive design, and responsive performance are essential for a smooth trading experience.

    2. Features and Tools:

    Consider the features and tools offered by the platform, such as charting tools, technical indicators, order types, and research reports. The availability of these tools can significantly impact your trading decisions.

    3. Security:

    Ensure that the trading app employs robust security measures to protect your data and funds. Look for features like two-factor authentication and data encryption.

    4. Customer Support:

    Reliable customer support is crucial in case you encounter any issues or have questions. Check the availability of customer support channels, such as phone, email, and chat.

    5. Investment Options:

    Consider the range of investment options offered by the platform. Some apps may specialize in equity trading, while others may offer access to mutual funds, IPOs, commodities, and currencies.

    6. Account Opening Process:

    A seamless and hassle-free account opening process is important. Look for apps that offer online KYC (Know Your Customer) verification.

    Beyond Brokerage: Other Fees to Consider

    While low brokerage is a significant advantage, it’s essential to be aware of other fees that may apply:

    • Demat Account Maintenance Charges: Annual fees for maintaining your Demat account.
    • Transaction Charges: Fees levied by exchanges (NSE, BSE) for each transaction.
    • SEBI Turnover Fees: Fees charged by SEBI on the total turnover.
    • Goods and Services Tax (GST): Applicable on brokerage and other services.
    • Stamp Duty: Charged on the delivery of shares in your Demat account.

    Factor in these charges when calculating your overall trading costs.

    Investing Wisely: Diversification and Long-Term Goals

    While choosing the right trading app is crucial, it’s equally important to have a well-defined investment strategy. Diversification is key to mitigating risk. Consider investing in a mix of asset classes, such as equities, debt, and gold. Explore options like Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) in mutual funds, Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS) for tax savings, Public Provident Fund (PPF), and National Pension System (NPS) for retirement planning. Remember that the stock market involves risk, and it’s essential to invest according to your risk tolerance and financial goals.

    Many investors are also looking into alternative investment options like Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs), which offer a safe haven and potential returns linked to gold prices, and Corporate Bonds, which provide a fixed income stream. Thoroughly research any investment opportunity before committing your funds.

    The availability of these investment options through the various low brokerage trading apps india varies, so it’s best to check if they align with your financial goals.

    Conclusion: Empowering Your Investment Journey

    The availability of low brokerage trading apps in India has significantly reduced the cost of investing, making it more accessible to a wider audience. By carefully considering the factors discussed in this guide and choosing the right trading app, you can optimize your investment strategy and work towards achieving your financial goals. Remember to stay informed, diversify your investments, and invest according to your risk tolerance. Happy investing!

  • Finding the Lowest Brokerage Rate in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Finding the Lowest Brokerage Rate in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Looking for the lowest brokerage rate in India? Compare discount brokers, understand hidden charges, and learn how to choose the best brokerage plan for your tr

    Looking for the lowest brokerage rate in india? Compare discount brokers, understand hidden charges, and learn how to choose the best brokerage plan for your trading needs. Save money and maximize your investment returns!

    Finding the Lowest Brokerage Rate in India: A Comprehensive Guide

    Introduction: The Evolving Landscape of Indian Broking

    The Indian stock market has witnessed a dramatic transformation in recent years, fueled by increased retail participation and technological advancements. Trading, once the domain of seasoned professionals and high-net-worth individuals, is now accessible to a much wider audience, thanks to the proliferation of online brokers. A key factor driving this trend is the significant reduction in brokerage fees. Gone are the days of exorbitant charges eroding a substantial portion of your profits. Today, the quest for the “lowest brokerage rate in india” is a common refrain among both new and experienced investors.

    This article delves into the world of brokerage charges in India, providing a comprehensive guide to understanding the different types of brokerage models, comparing leading brokers, and ultimately helping you choose the best brokerage plan to optimize your trading costs and maximize your investment returns.

    Understanding Different Brokerage Models

    Before diving into specific brokers and their fees, it’s crucial to understand the different brokerage models prevalent in the Indian market:

    1. Traditional or Full-Service Brokers

    Traditional brokers, often associated with established financial institutions, offer a wide range of services beyond just executing trades. These include:

    • Research and Advisory: Providing in-depth market analysis, stock recommendations, and investment strategies.
    • Relationship Management: Offering personalized support and guidance from dedicated relationship managers.
    • Wealth Management Services: Assisting with financial planning, portfolio management, and other wealth-building activities.
    • Offline Trading: Allowing investors to place orders through phone calls or in-person visits to branch offices.

    While these services can be valuable, they come at a premium. Traditional brokers typically charge a percentage-based brokerage fee, usually ranging from 0.2% to 0.5% or even higher per transaction. This can significantly impact your profitability, especially if you are a frequent trader.

    2. Discount Brokers

    Discount brokers, also known as online brokers or budget brokers, have revolutionized the Indian brokerage industry by offering significantly lower brokerage rates. They primarily focus on providing a platform for executing trades quickly and efficiently. They typically do not offer extensive research, advisory, or relationship management services.

    Key features of discount brokers include:

    • Flat Fee Brokerage: Charging a fixed fee per trade, regardless of the transaction value.
    • Technology-Driven Platform: Providing user-friendly online and mobile trading platforms.
    • Lower Operating Costs: Operating with minimal overhead, allowing them to offer lower brokerage rates.

    Discount brokers are an excellent choice for self-directed investors who are comfortable conducting their own research and managing their portfolios. The flat fee brokerage model can result in substantial savings, especially for high-volume traders.

    3. Hybrid Brokers

    Hybrid brokers attempt to bridge the gap between traditional and discount brokers. They offer a combination of online trading platforms and limited advisory services. They may offer different brokerage plans, allowing investors to choose the services that best meet their needs and budget.

    Factors to Consider When Choosing a Broker

    Finding the “lowest brokerage rate in india” should not be the sole deciding factor when choosing a broker. Consider these additional factors:

    • Brokerage Charges: Compare brokerage rates across different segments (equity, derivatives, commodity, currency). Look for hidden charges like DP charges, transaction charges, and platform fees.
    • Trading Platform: Evaluate the user-friendliness, speed, and reliability of the trading platform. Ensure it offers the tools and features you need, such as charting tools, technical indicators, and order types.
    • Account Opening and Maintenance Fees: Check for account opening fees, annual maintenance charges (AMC), and other account-related fees.
    • Customer Support: Assess the quality and responsiveness of customer support. Look for brokers that offer multiple channels of communication, such as phone, email, and live chat.
    • Security and Reliability: Ensure the broker is regulated by SEBI and has a robust security infrastructure to protect your funds and data. Look for brokers with a proven track record of reliability and uptime.
    • Investment Options: Determine if the broker offers access to the investment products you are interested in, such as equities, derivatives, mutual funds, IPOs, and bonds.
    • Research and Advisory (if needed): If you require research and advisory services, consider brokers that offer comprehensive research reports and personalized investment recommendations.

    Comparing Brokerage Rates: A Detailed Analysis

    Let’s delve into a comparative analysis of brokerage rates offered by some of the leading brokers in India. Note that brokerage rates are subject to change, so it’s essential to verify the latest information directly from the broker’s website.

    Important Disclaimer: The following information is for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice. Conduct thorough research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

    Discount Brokers:

    Many discount brokers offer flat-fee brokerage plans. Some examples include:

    • Zerodha: Charges ₹0 brokerage for equity delivery and direct mutual funds. Intraday and Futures & Options (F&O) trades are charged at ₹20 per executed order or 0.03% (whichever is lower).
    • Upstox: Similar to Zerodha, Upstox charges ₹0 brokerage for equity delivery and direct mutual funds. Intraday and F&O trades are charged at ₹20 per executed order or 0.05% (whichever is lower).
    • Groww: Charges ₹0 brokerage for equity delivery and direct mutual funds. Intraday and F&O trades are charged at ₹20 per executed order.
    • Angel One (Angel Broking): Offers both flat fee and percentage-based brokerage plans. Their iTrade Prime plan offers ₹20 per order for intraday, F&O, currency, and commodity trading.

    Traditional Brokers:

    Traditional brokers typically charge a percentage-based brokerage fee. Examples of traditional brokers include:

    • HDFC Securities: Brokerage charges vary depending on the trading volume and the specific plan chosen. Generally, delivery trades can range from 0.15% to 0.5%, while intraday trades can range from 0.015% to 0.15%.
    • ICICI Direct: Similar to HDFC Securities, ICICI Direct’s brokerage charges are dependent on the trading plan and volume. Delivery trades can be around 0.25% to 0.55%, while intraday trades can be approximately 0.05% to 0.15%.
    • Kotak Securities: Brokerage charges also vary based on the trading plan and volume. Delivery trades may range from 0.20% to 0.49%, and intraday trades from 0.03% to 0.10%.

    Beyond Brokerage: Understanding Other Charges

    While focusing on the “lowest brokerage rate in india” is important, remember that brokerage is just one component of the total cost of trading. Be aware of other charges that can impact your overall profitability:

    • Securities Transaction Tax (STT): A tax levied by the government on transactions done on the stock exchanges.
    • Transaction Charges: Fees charged by the exchange (NSE, BSE) for facilitating the trading.
    • SEBI Turnover Fees: Fees charged by SEBI for regulating the market.
    • Stamp Duty: A tax levied by the state government on the transfer of securities.
    • Goods and Services Tax (GST): A tax levied on brokerage and other services provided by the broker.
    • DP Charges: Charges levied by the Depository Participant (DP) for debiting securities from your demat account when you sell shares.

    These charges, although seemingly small individually, can add up over time, especially for frequent traders. Factor them into your cost calculations to get a realistic picture of your trading expenses.

    Brokerage and Investment Instruments: A Quick Overview

    Here’s a brief look at how brokerage impacts different investment instruments common in India:

    • Equity (Shares): Brokerage applies when buying and selling shares on the NSE and BSE. Discount brokers offer significant savings on equity trades.
    • Derivatives (Futures & Options): Brokerage is charged on both buying and selling futures and options contracts. The flat fee model of discount brokers can be particularly beneficial for F&O traders.
    • Mutual Funds: Direct mutual funds do not involve brokerage fees as you invest directly with the Asset Management Company (AMC). Regular mutual funds, purchased through a distributor, may involve commission or advisory fees, which can indirectly impact returns.
    • Initial Public Offerings (IPOs): Generally, there are no brokerage fees associated with applying for IPOs.
    • Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): ETFs are traded like stocks on the exchange, so brokerage applies when buying and selling them.
    • Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGBs): No brokerage fee is charged when investing in SGBs through the primary market.
    • Commodity Trading: Brokerage is applicable for trading in commodities through exchanges like MCX (Multi Commodity Exchange).

    Conclusion: Making an Informed Decision

    Choosing the right broker is a crucial step towards successful investing. While finding the “lowest brokerage rate in india” is essential for maximizing your returns, consider other factors such as the trading platform, customer support, and investment options. By carefully evaluating your needs and comparing different brokers, you can make an informed decision and choose a brokerage plan that aligns with your trading style and investment goals. Remember to regularly review your brokerage plan to ensure it continues to meet your evolving needs and that you are getting the best possible value for your money. Happy investing!